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[논문초록] 유라시아 동부 스텝의 6,000년간의 역동적인 유전 역사: Jeong, Choongwon, et al. (2020). A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe.

Jeong, Choongwon, et al. “A dynamic 6,000-year genetic history of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe.” Cell 183.4 (2020): 890-904.

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A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

유라시아 동부 스텝의 6,000년간의 역동적인 유전 역사

Graphical Abstract

In Brief

Ancient DNA from over 200 individuals inhabiting the Eastern Eurasian Steppe during the Bronze Age provides insights into the population history of the Mongols and Xiongnu.

청동기 시대 유라시아 동부 스텝에 거주했던 200명 이상의 고대 인류로부터 추출된 고대 DNA는 몽골족과 흉노의 인구 역사에 대한 통찰을 제공한다.

Highlights

주요 내용

Choongwon Jeong,1,2,23,* Ke Wang,1,23 Shevan Wilkin,3 William Timothy Treal Taylor,3,4 Bryan K. Miller,3,5 Jan H. Bemmann,6 Raphaela Stahl,1 Chelsea Chiovelli,1 Florian Knolle,1 Sodnom Ulziibayar,7 Dorjpurev Khatanbaatar,8 Diimaajav Erdenebaatar,9 Ulambayar Erdenebat,10 Ayudai Ochir,11 Ganbold Ankhsanaa,12 Chuluunkhuu Vanchigdash,8 Battuga Ochir,13 Chuluunbat Munkhbayar,14 Dashzeveg Tumen,10 Alexey Kovalev,15 Nikolay Kradin,16,17 Bilikto A. Bazarov,17 Denis A. Miyagashev,17 Prokopiy B. Konovalov,17 Elena Zhambaltarova,18 Alicia Ventresca Miller,3,19 Wolfgang Haak,1 Stephan Schiffels,1 Johannes Krause,1,20 Nicole Boivin,3 Myagmar Erdene,10 Jessica Hendy,1,21 and Christina Warinner1,20,22,24,*

  1. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
  2. School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
  3. Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
  4. Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
  5. Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  6. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universita¨ t Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
  7. Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
  8. Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
  9. Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Bayanzurkh district, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia
  10. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
  11. International Institute for the Study of Nomadic Civilizations, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
  12. National Centre for Cultural Heritage of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
  13. Institute of History and Ethnology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
  14. University of Khovd, Khovd province, Khovd 84179, Mongolia
  15. Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
  16. Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690001, Russia
  17. Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia
  18. Department of Museology and Heritage, Faculty of Social and Cultural Activities, Heritage, and Tourism, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, East Siberian State Institute of Culture, Ulan-Ude 670031, Russia
  19. Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  20. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 02134, Germany
  21. BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK
  22. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  23. These authors contributed equally
  24. 24.Lead Contact

SUMMARY

The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region’s population history. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.

유라시아 동부 스텝은 흉노와 몽골족을 포함한 유목 목축 제국의 중심지였다. 그러나 이 지역의 인구 역사에 대해서는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 6,000년에 걸친 214명의 고대 개체의 전장 유전체 데이터(genome-wide data)를 분석하여 이 지역의 역동적인 유전 역사를 밝힌다.

기원전 약 3000년에 몽골 지역으로의 유목민 확장이 확인되었으며, 청동기 시대 후기에 몽골 인구는 세 가지 유전적으로 구별되는 집단으로 생물지리학적으로 구조화되었고, 조상에 관계없이 모두 낙농 목축을 실천했다. 흉노는 이러한 집단과 주변 지역 집단의 혼합에서 비롯되었다. 이에 비해 몽골족은 훨씬 높은 동부 유라시아 조상을 가지며, 현대 몽골어 사용 집단과 유사하다.

본 연구 결과는 동부 스텝에서의 유전적, 사회정치적, 문화적 변화 간의 복잡한 상호작용을 밝혀낸다.

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